I may be totally off my rocker on this but this is my educated guess(S.W.W.G.) on how this works: The thickness of the carbon is offset by the volume of air in ratio to the volume of carbon. A given volume of air will pass through a deeper multilayer of carbon(in a smaller container) faster due to the pressure being exerted on it, versus the same volume of air will move slower, passing through a thinner layer of carbon that is spread over a larger area, The volume of air is the same but the speed off the air movement will be higher in the smaller filter.
In order to get the same amount of absorption of contaminants by contacting the carbon, the faster moving air needs to pass through a thicker layer so that it stays in contact longer. The air passing through the bigger filter has the same amount of carbon but it is spread over a larger area, therefore the air has more space to pass through for a given amount of pressure, and passes slower through the thinner layer of carbon where it is in contact with the carbon for the same length of time per unit of carbon. This allows for the same amount of "scrubbing" for either filter given that the same volume of air is passing through the same amount of carbon with either ffilter.
How is that for a "Scientific Wild A** Guess" :hubba: