Here are more details on the features used to identify magic mushrooms in the wild.
1. They turn blue – Most Psilocybe mushrooms turn blue when injured. Research suggests that this blue pigment is a mixture of compounds that form when psilocybin – the chemical responsible for the psychedelic effects of shrooms, breaks down.
The presence of
blue bruising may indicate the presence of psilocybin which is contained in magic mushrooms. However, some species of magic mushrooms don’t bruise blue despite containing psilocybin. Other mushrooms, such as
Deconica species, may bruise blue or blackish, meaning you shouldn’t use this as the only feature to identify magic mushrooms.
2. Caps – All Psilocybes feature a smooth cap that is often sticky. Magic mushroom caps come in all manner of colors, sizes, and shapes. Caps come in different shades of brown, from light brown to dark brown with blue tinges.
Shapes of caps also differ between species, such as
Psilocybe cyanescens having “wavy caps,”
Psilocybe Mexicana having large, bell-shaped caps, and
Psilocybe azurescens having saucer-like caps hence the nickname “flying saucer mushroom.”
But what sets psilocybe mushrooms from other species is the separable gelatinous pellicle that covers the cap. You can peel this gelatinous layer off the cap in psilocybe mushrooms.
3. Stems – The texture of the stem matters. Psilocybe stems tend to be tough and fibrous, so when identifying magic mushrooms, you should be able to wrap the stem around your little finger without snapping.
4. Gills – Mushroom gills are thin papery structures attached to the underside of the cap. They are a means of spore dispersal and are important for mushroom identification. You can identify magic mushrooms by how the gills are connected to the stem, the color, crowding, and the shape of the gills.
5. Spore prints – Mushroom spores are microscopic reproduction units that can grow into magic mushrooms under the right conditions. These spores also play an important role in species identification.
You can
make spore prints by taking the mushroom cap, placing it on a flat piece of paper or glass with the gills facing down, cover with a bowl or cup, and leaving it there for 12 – 24 hours.
Psilocybe species have purple-black spore prints. Poisonous look-alikes such as the
Galerina species have rust-brown spores.