Ok...
After studying these pictures over and over, and writting this instruction about 3 times and erasing it each time, I have come to the conclusuion that only one thing can save you, a complete rewire.
I'd stick that old switch in and leave it be. You don't have enough wires for that receptacle. point blank, it's not possible. I kept thinking I could, obviously going against all safety codes, but the laws of physics won't allow it either.
They have the neutral go right to the light and doesn;t go through either box. I'd bet you 1000$ it's in the ceiling and totally unaccessable. The black "hot" goes into the switch and has a white (now known as an identified condutor, and in this case a traveler) and the red is a traveler too. They go into the 3 way switch in the other room and the black "hot" will then go to the light at that point. They don't do new homes for reasons like this, but unfortunatly, that's the way it goes. You could get it working, but you have have to cut some holes into your walls and repatch them. Wouldn't be hard, just time consuming. I don't know if it's worth it to you or not.
Sorry about the bad luck! I would just run an extension cord from another location if you need power in your closet.