Nov, when Gman talks about activating EM1, he is referring to taking 3/4 cup of molasses, 3/4 cup EM1 from the bottle and mixing it with 1 gallon of dechlorinated water. When the ph drops to 3.7 or lower it is ready. Usually a week to 10 days. I posted a booklet on how to brew it and how to modify the brews. All ya gotta do is read the stuff I post, lol. As to the aero application that Keef does. I have no idea why it works, but deliberately bubbling EM1 s not a recommendation I would suggest. I have been told repeatedly that all anaerobic microbes are bad. That EM1 will never survive in an environment using GH 3 part, as it has no food for the EM1 microbes, but it works and it works well.